Introduction
Self-defense is a critical concern for many Americans, especially in urban and suburban environments where personal safety can be unpredictable. Among the tools considered for self-defense, stun guns and tasers have emerged as popular non-lethal options. However, the laws governing their ownership and use vary widely from state to state. This guide provides clear, actionable information on the legality of stun guns and tasers in California and Massachusetts, outlining who can possess these devices, where they can be carried, and essential steps for staying compliant with current regulations.
Stun Guns and Tasers: What’s the Difference?
Before examining state-specific laws, it’s important to distinguish between stun guns and tasers . Both are electroshock weapons designed to temporarily incapacitate an assailant:
- Stun guns require direct contact with the attacker to deliver an electric shock.
- Tasers use prongs or darts fired from a distance (typically up to 15 feet) to deliver the charge [3] .
In many jurisdictions, the terms are used interchangeably, but legal definitions may differ.
Are Stun Guns Legal in California?
Yes, stun guns and tasers are legal for self-defense in California for most adults. California Penal Code 22610 specifically allows for the purchase, possession, and use of these devices for lawful self-defense without a permit [1] . There are, however, several important restrictions to keep in mind:
Eligibility Requirements
While the average adult can own and carry a stun gun or taser in California, the following individuals are prohibited from possessing these devices:
- Convicted felons
- Anyone with a conviction for assault or misuse of a stun gun/taser
- Individuals addicted to narcotic drugs
- Minors under 16 years old
- Minors aged 16-17 without written parental consent [2]
Those who fall into these categories are legally barred from owning or carrying such devices, and violations can result in criminal penalties.
Where You Can and Cannot Carry
While stun guns and tasers are generally legal for personal carry, there are important location-based restrictions . You may not possess these devices in:
- Government buildings
- Airports
- Schools or school grounds
Carrying a stun gun or taser in these restricted areas can result in criminal charges, regardless of intent [5] .
Concealed Carry and Transportation
California does not require a permit to carry a stun gun or taser. These devices are not classified as firearms and are not subject to concealed carry laws. They can be carried openly or concealed for self-defense purposes [2] .
Misuse and Penalties
Using a stun gun or taser in a threatening or aggressive manner outside of legitimate self-defense situations can result in criminal prosecution. For example, using such a device to intimidate or assault someone is illegal. Assault with a stun gun or taser carries enhanced penalties if the victim is a school employee or if the act occurs on school grounds [4] .
Practical Application Steps
- Ensure you are not prohibited from possessing a stun gun or taser (e.g., not a felon, not a minor without parental consent).
- Purchase your device from a reputable retailer. Always request a receipt and product information.
- Familiarize yourself with safe operation and maintenance through manufacturer instructions.
- Carry your device responsibly and avoid restricted areas like schools and government facilities.
- If stopped by law enforcement, be transparent about your device and your intent for lawful self-defense.
If in doubt, consult a qualified attorney or the California Department of Justice for the latest legal guidance.
Are Tasers Legal in Massachusetts?
Tasers and stun guns are legal in Massachusetts , but with strict regulations. In 2018, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that a complete ban was unconstitutional. However, ownership and use are subject to significant state oversight. All residents must have a valid Firearms Identification Card (FID) to purchase, own, or carry a stun gun or taser .
Eligibility and Permitting
To lawfully possess a stun gun or taser in Massachusetts, you must:

Source: clearlyip.com
- Be at least 18 years old
- Apply for and receive a Firearms Identification Card (FID) from your local police department
- Pass a background check, which includes criminal and mental health screening
The application process for an FID can take several weeks. You must apply through your local police department, provide necessary documentation, and pay any required fees. For the most accurate instructions, contact your city or town’s police department and ask for the Firearms Licensing Unit.
Where and How You Can Carry
Even with an FID, stun guns and tasers are prohibited in certain locations such as schools, government buildings, and airports. Additionally, misuse-such as use in the commission of a crime or reckless display-can result in severe criminal penalties.
Practical Application Steps in Massachusetts
- Contact your local police department and request information about the Firearms Identification Card (FID) application.
- Complete the application, providing required identification, proof of residency, and any other documents as directed.
- Submit to fingerprinting and a background check.
- Once approved, purchase your device from a licensed dealer. Always retain proof of purchase.
- Carry and use your device only in accordance with state and local laws. Avoid all prohibited locations.
If you are unsure about any requirement, consult the Massachusetts Executive Office of Public Safety and Security or a qualified attorney for guidance.
Legal Risks and Responsible Use
Stun guns and tasers, while non-lethal, are still considered dangerous weapons under the law. Responsible ownership includes:
- Understanding and complying with state and local regulations
- Storing devices safely out of reach of children and unauthorized users
- Using your device strictly for personal defense and never for intimidation or aggression
Improper use or possession could result in criminal charges, loss of your device, and potential civil liability.
Alternatives and Additional Self-Defense Tools
If you are ineligible to own a stun gun or taser, or prefer non-electroshock options, consider alternatives such as pepper spray, personal alarms, or tactical flashlights. These tools may have fewer restrictions but still require responsible use. Always check with local law enforcement or legal counsel before acquiring any self-defense device.

Source: nj.com
How to Stay Informed and Access Resources
Laws regarding self-defense weapons change frequently. To stay updated:
- Visit the official website of the California Department of Justice or the Massachusetts Executive Office of Public Safety and Security for the latest legal updates.
- Contact your local police department for personalized guidance and permit requirements.
- Consult a qualified attorney for complex legal questions or if you have a criminal record.
If you need to apply for a permit in Massachusetts, search your city or town’s official website for ‘Firearms Identification Card’ or visit your local police department in person for application forms and requirements. For California, you may search for ‘self-defense weapons laws California’ using reputable legal resources or contact the Department of Justice directly for updates.
Summary and Key Takeaways
California allows adults to possess and carry stun guns and tasers for self-defense, with restrictions for felons, drug addicts, and minors, and bans on carrying in sensitive areas. Massachusetts permits these devices only for adults with an FID card and imposes strict location and use regulations. Always verify your eligibility, comply with local laws, and use these devices responsibly to protect your rights and safety.
References
- [1] TBOTECH (2025). Are Stun Guns Legal in California? 2025 Laws.
- [2] Shouse Law Group (2024). Seven California Taser Laws You Need to Know.
- [3] Schmidt & Clark (2025). Legal Self-Defense Weapons in California.
- [4] California Department of Justice (2025). Firearms Prohibiting Categories.
- [5] Hashemi Law (2025). Which Self-Defense Weapons Are Legal in California?